smart

Roland Moreno (Caïro, 11 juni 1945 - Parijs, 29 april 2012) was een Frans wetenschapper. Met de nadruk op was want hij is dit weekeinde overleden. Dat is ook de reden dat zijn naam in de Nederlandse media wordt genoemd. Hij kan namelijk worden gezien als de uitvinder van: de chipkaart.

A smart card, chip card, or integrated circuit card (ICC), is any pocket-sized card with embedded integrated circuits. A smart card or microprocessor cards contain volatile memory and microprocessor components

Moreno bedacht in 1974 de chipkaart. Deze wordt, in de basis, tegenwoordig vrijwel overal in gebruikt bij wijze van identificatie en bij mobiele telefoons en bankpassen. Maar nu komt het. In 1968 vonden twee Duitse electo ingenieurs van het bedrijf Giesecke & Devrient: Helmut Gröttrup en zijn collega Jürgen Dethloff de automatische chip card uit ( ze kregen echter pas patent rechten in ……1982. Een jaar later was de eerste massale introductie van de kaart bij élécarte voor Franse telefoons in 1983. Veertien jaar zat er tussen. Tsja. Moreno bezat meer dan 45 patenten op de chipkaart. Andere bedrijven moesten hem betalen om de technologie te mogen gebruiken. Dat leverde Roland Moreno een(grof geschat) vermogen van 100 miljoen euro op. Roland heeft verschillende elektronische gadgets ontwikkeld, waaronder de basis voor de memorykaart in 1974. In 1977, bedacht Michel Ugon (Honeywell Bull) de eerste microprocessor smart card.

“In 1978, Bull patented the SPOM (self programmable one-chip microcomputer) that defines the necessary architecture to program the chip. Three years later, Motorola used this patent in its "CP8". At that time, Bull had 1,200 patents related to smart cards. In 2001, Bull sold its CP8 division together with its patents to Schlumberger, who subsequently combined its own internal smart card department and CP8 to create Axalto. In 2006, Axalto and Gemplus, at the time the world's top two smart card manufacturers, merged and became Gemalto. In 2008 Dexa Systems spun off from Schlumberger and acquired Enterprise Security Services business, which included the smart card solutions division responsible for deploying the first large scale public key infrastructure (PKI) based smart card management systems”. Carte Bleue The second use[vague] integrated microchips into all French Carte Bleue debit cards in 1992. Customers inserted the card into the merchant's POS terminal, then typed the PIN, before the transaction was accepted. Only very limited transactions (such as paying small highway tolls) are processed without a PIN. Smart-card-based "electronic purse" systems store funds on the card so that readers do not need network connectivity and entered service throughout Europe in the mid-1990s, most notably in Germany (Geldkarte), Austria (Quick Wertkarte), Belgium (Proton), France (Mon€o[4]), the Netherlands (Chipknip and Chipper), Switzerland ("Cash"), Norway ("Mondex"), Sweden ("Cash", decommissioned in 2004), Finland ("Avant"), UK ("Mondex"), Denmark ("Danmønt") and Portugal ("Porta-moedas Multibanco"). The major boom in smart card use came in the 1990s, with the introduction of smart-card-based SIMs used in GSM mobile phone equipment in Europe. With the ubiquity of mobile phones in Europe, smart cards have become very common.”

aldus wikipedia. chip, icc, CP8, all very smart (inclusief Helmut und Jurgen)!